Calligraphy and painting are usually based on rice paper, silk, damask, silk, etc. naturally, they are delicate. Therefore, calligraphy and painting, like the human body, also need maintenance. If you do not pay attention to maintenance, climate change, sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, moth eaten, moldy, damp, water immersion, etc. will affect the longevity of calligraphy and painting. Therefore, it is very important for us to save the painting and calligraphy after trading.

注意溫度和濕度，書畫關(guān)于溫度、濕度要求非常高，一般溫度在14攝氏度－15攝氏度，濕度在50度－55度之間為宜，要避免溫、濕度過高而引起著作質(zhì)地變脆、發(fā)霉、生蟲、顏色與墨跡脫落等問題。要定期查看藏品狀況，尤其是盛夏、雨季和冬天供暖期，要及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。

Pay attention to temperature and humidity. The requirements for temperature and humidity in calligraphy and painting are very high. Generally, the temperature is between 14 ° C and 15 ° C, and the humidity is between 50 ° C and 55 ° C. problems such as brittle texture, mildew, insects, color and ink falling off caused by too high temperature and humidity should be avoided. Check the condition of the collection regularly, especially in midsummer, rainy season and winter heating period, and find problems in time.

除塵避光，由于現(xiàn)在的環(huán)境污染比較嚴(yán)峻，掛出來的字畫要及時(shí)除塵。除塵時(shí)，用電吹風(fēng)的冷風(fēng)與畫面成30度角，堅(jiān)持10~15厘米的間隔從右到左掃一遍，或許直接用雞毛撣悄悄掃一下也行。光是對(duì)畫影響比較大的自然因素，特別是紫外光，它可使畫面顏料蛻變，導(dǎo)致紙質(zhì)變化。因而，掛畫時(shí)不能接近窗戶，避免太陽光直接照耀畫面。燈泡或日光燈也應(yīng)與字畫堅(jiān)持1米以上的間隔，并選用低功率燈光源。

Dust removal and light avoidance. As the current environmental pollution is severe, the calligraphy and paintings hanging out should be removed in time. When removing dust, use the cold air of the hair dryer to form a 30 degree angle with the picture, and sweep it from right to left at an interval of 10~15 cm. Maybe it is OK to sweep it silently with a feather duster. Light is a natural factor that has a great impact on painting, especially ultraviolet light, which can make the paint of the picture degenerate and lead to the change of paper. Therefore, when hanging pictures, you can't get close to the window to avoid direct sunlight shining on the picture. The light bulb or fluorescent lamp shall also be kept at a distance of more than 1m from the calligraphy and painting, and low-power light source shall be selected.

不宜常年懸掛，賞識(shí)是書畫的主要功能之一，可是書畫裱件不宜常年懸掛，應(yīng)掛一個(gè)時(shí)期，卷起寄存一個(gè)時(shí)期。尤其古舊書畫或當(dāng)今名跡更是如此。雨季濕氣太大，冬天室內(nèi)生有取暖爐或裝有暖氣設(shè)備，在這種條件下懸掛書畫都易使書畫質(zhì)地加速老化，影響其壽數(shù)。反之，書畫裱件也不可長時(shí)間寄存，有經(jīng)歷的保藏家將所藏書畫輪流進(jìn)行懸掛，便是這個(gè)道理。

It should not be hung all the year round. Appreciation is one of the main functions of calligraphy and painting. However, the mounting pieces of calligraphy and painting should not be hung all the year round. They should be hung for a period of time and rolled up for storage. This is especially true of ancient calligraphy and painting or today's famous works. In the rainy season, the humidity is too high. In winter, there is a heating furnace or heating equipment in the room. Under this condition, the hanging of calligraphy and painting is easy to accelerate the aging of the texture of calligraphy and painting and affect their longevity. On the contrary, calligraphy and painting mounting pieces cannot be stored for a long time. Experienced collectors hang their calligraphy and painting in turn, which is the reason.

掛展過的字畫在入藏前，必定要做好清潔作業(yè)。用絲綢質(zhì)料的織物悄悄拂拭比較好，撣去字畫外表的灰塵，避免把灰塵卷進(jìn)字畫軸頭中發(fā)霉而污染紙面。卷字畫時(shí)，要先松后緊，先松松卷起后，再慢慢旋轉(zhuǎn)軸頭，把字畫卷緊卷實(shí)，然后用帶捆扎。沒有裱過的字畫，在干燥氣候中折疊好裝入塑料薄膜口袋中，也是一種比較簡便易行的保存法。

The displayed calligraphy and paintings must be cleaned before entering Tibet. It is better to wipe the silk fabric quietly to remove the dust on the surface of the calligraphy and painting, so as to prevent the dust from getting moldy in the spindle head of the calligraphy and painting and polluting the paper. When rolling calligraphy and paintings, loosen them first and then tighten them. After loosening and rolling them up, slowly rotate the spindle head to roll the calligraphy and paintings tightly and firmly, and then bind them with belts. It is also a relatively simple and easy way to preserve calligraphy and paintings that have not been mounted, which can be folded in a dry climate and put into a plastic film pocket.

貯藏字畫的柜子、箱子，密封性能要好，在箱子的四角，要放幾塊樟腦精，一般不必樟腦丸。字畫用牛皮紙包好保藏，在空氣濕度大的氣候，不要開啟箱、柜，更不要翻開字畫。關(guān)于已經(jīng)殘損嚴(yán)峻的字畫，保藏者應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)找人士修補(bǔ)或揭裱。書畫一般不宜托芯寄存。因書畫一經(jīng)托芯，便添加了其厚度和硬度，假如再時(shí)常舒展賞識(shí)，易使書畫幅面粗糙或呈現(xiàn)折痕，影響書畫的壽數(shù)，且給日后的裝裱造成困難，嚴(yán)峻的還需要揭裱，添加裝裱費(fèi)用。

The cabinets and boxes for storing calligraphy and paintings have good sealing performance. A few pieces of camphor essence should be placed at the four corners of the box. Generally, camphor pills are not necessary. Calligraphy and paintings should be wrapped in kraft paper for preservation. In a humid climate, do not open boxes and cabinets, and do not open calligraphy and paintings. As for the seriously damaged calligraphy and paintings, the conservator shall timely find someone to repair or uncover and mount them. Calligraphy and painting are generally not suitable for core storage. Once the calligraphy and painting is supported by the core, its thickness and hardness are added. If the calligraphy and painting are often appreciated, it is easy to make the format of the calligraphy and painting rough or present creases, which will affect the longevity of the calligraphy and painting, and cause difficulties for future mounting. If it is serious, it is necessary to uncover the mounting and add mounting costs.

關(guān)于書畫裝裱仍是不裝裱更便于保藏這一問題，具體情況應(yīng)作具體分析。保藏書畫的意圖之一是賞識(shí)，而只有裝裱好的書畫才能更好地賞識(shí)?？墒羌偃绫２卣咚鏁嫷牧枯^大，逐個(gè)進(jìn)行裝裱，寄存便有困難。這種情況，可選一部分供賞識(shí)的進(jìn)行裝裱，其他的作為純藏品，仍是不裝裱更便于寄存。但是不裝裱便于寄存只是相對(duì)而言，在幾十年內(nèi)，未裝裱的書畫假如保管得當(dāng)，應(yīng)比通過裝裱的書畫保存作用更好一些?？墒菑拈L時(shí)間傳世這一意圖動(dòng)身，仍是書畫裱件比書畫芯更耐損、耐久。

As for the problem that it is more convenient to preserve calligraphy and paintings whether they are mounted or not, the specific situation should be analyzed in detail. One of the purposes of preserving calligraphy and paintings is to appreciate them. Only well mounted calligraphy and paintings can be better appreciated. However, if the amount of calligraphy and paintings deposited by the collector is large, it will be difficult to deposit them if they are mounted one by one. In this case, some of them can be mounted for appreciation, while others, as pure collections, are still easier to deposit without mounting. But it is relatively easy to deposit without mounting. In a few decades, if the unframed paintings and calligraphy are properly kept, they should be better preserved than the mounted paintings and calligraphy. However, from the intention of being handed down for a long time, the calligraphy and painting mounting pieces are still more damage resistant and durable than the calligraphy and painting cores.

有些書畫紙質(zhì)地是拉力脆弱的竹料紙，或非常薄的棉連紙，或膠礬過大的熟紙、熟絹及其他箋紙類，這些書畫芯非常容易殘缺或折裂，故不可久存，應(yīng)及早裝裱是為上策。

Some calligraphy and painting paper is bamboo paper with weak tension, or very thin cotton paper, or cooked paper, cooked silk and other paper types with too large glue alum. These calligraphy and painting cores are very easy to be damaged or broken, so they cannot be stored for a long time. It is the best policy to mount them as soon as possible.

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