作為收藏品的書畫，多用紙絹?zhàn)鳛椴牧稀Ｊ詹亟缬芯涔旁?，“紙千年，絹八百”。?shí)際上，如果保存得好，紙、絹質(zhì)字畫使用壽命更長。反之，如果保養(yǎng)不好，則幾年時(shí)間就可能損壞。紙、絹材質(zhì)，怕蟲蛀、鼠嚙，怕潮濕也忌太干燥。尤其是進(jìn)入潮濕多雨季，書畫的保存更當(dāng)注意。

　　As collectibles, calligraphy and painting often use paper and silk as materials. There is an ancient saying in the collecting world, 'Paper is a thousand years old, silk is eight hundred.'. In fact, if well preserved, paper and silk calligraphy and painting have a longer lifespan. On the contrary, if not maintained properly, it may be damaged within a few years. Paper and silk materials, afraid of insect and mouse infestation, afraid of moisture and too dry. Especially during the humid and rainy season, it is important to pay attention to the preservation of calligraphy and painting.

　　一般家庭掛畫時(shí)間不宜太長，因?yàn)槊恳环鶗嫸加袎勖?，一般掛兩三個(gè)月就要拿下來晾一晾，然后收起來，壽命才會長久。即使是裝框的書畫，也不宜長久掛著，因?yàn)槌睔庹諛訒秩霑?。一幅字畫無論鏡框還是掛軸，如果被濕氣侵入，多五六年，快則兩三年就會起霉點(diǎn)，很難補(bǔ)救。下面介紹幾種字畫保養(yǎng)的方法。

　　Generally, it is not advisable to hang paintings for too long in households, as each painting has a lifespan. Generally, after hanging for two or three months, it needs to be taken down to dry and then put away for a longer lifespan. Even framed paintings and calligraphy should not be hung for a long time, as moisture can still enter the paintings and calligraphy. A calligraphy or painting, whether framed or hung on a scroll, if it is invaded by moisture, it can take up to five or six years, and quickly develop mold in two or three years, making it difficult to remedy. Below are several methods for maintaining calligraphy and painting.

　　防潮防蟲，報(bào)紙

　　Moisture and insect proof, newspapers are the best

　　報(bào)紙本身有吸收潮氣的功能，其油墨又能夠防蟲，一舉兩得。一位曾說起一段往事：“當(dāng)年我們和上海博物館合辦一個(gè)明清書畫展，展覽辦完后，上海博物館的書畫有被蟲蛀的現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)時(shí)人們還開玩笑說蟲子欺負(fù)外來的書畫。后來才發(fā)現(xiàn)包了報(bào)紙的書畫都沒有被蟲蛀，而沒有包的就有蟲蛀現(xiàn)象。”

　　Newspapers themselves have the function of absorbing moisture, and their ink can also prevent insects, killing two birds with one stone. An expert once mentioned a past event: "Back then, we co organized a Ming and Qing calligraphy and painting exhibition with the Shanghai Museum. After the exhibition was held, there was a phenomenon of insect infestation on the paintings and calligraphy at the Shanghai Museum. At that time, people joked that insects bullied foreign paintings and calligraphy. Later, it was discovered that books and paintings that were wrapped in newspapers were not insect infested, while those that were not wrapped had insect infestation

　　不過在用報(bào)紙包裹書畫的過程中，有一些細(xì)節(jié)值得注意。有條件的藏家可以將一幅幅書畫攤開在柜子里，每一幅上面先蓋一張宣紙?jiān)黉佉粡垐?bào)紙，依次累加起來。沒有條件的藏家可以將書畫卷起來，卷的時(shí)候，怕報(bào)紙的鉛粉脫色污染畫面，可先用宣紙包一層畫，再拿報(bào)紙包?；蛘哒乙粋€(gè)木棍作為軸心，木棍是經(jīng)過處理不容易生蟲的，這樣卷起畫來就不會起折痕。

　　However, there are some details worth paying attention to when wrapping calligraphy and painting with newspapers. Conditional collectors can spread out paintings and calligraphy pieces in a cabinet, covering each piece with a sheet of rice paper and then a newspaper, and accumulate them one by one. Collectors who do not have the conditions can roll up their paintings and calligraphy. When rolling, if they are afraid that the lead powder in the newspaper will discolor and pollute the picture, they can first wrap the painting with rice paper and then take the newspaper wrap. Alternatively, you can use a wooden stick as the axis, preferably one that has been treated to prevent insect infestation, so that when rolled up, the painting will not have creases.

　　對名家作品而言，藏品不起折痕尤為重要。如果畫面起折痕，時(shí)間長了形成黑痕，不能恢復(fù)畫面的平整，嚴(yán)重的可能還需要漂白，將使藏品的收藏價(jià)值大打折扣。

　　For masterpieces, it is particularly important that collections do not have creases. If there are creases on the image, black marks may form over time, which cannot restore the smoothness and perfection of the image. In severe cases, bleaching may be necessary, which will greatly reduce the collection value of the item.

　　在博物館保管書畫，還講究使用白手套和口罩，以免在書畫上留下痕跡，一般家庭藏家也可以借鑒。不帶口罩可以，但不開口說話，以免唾沫弄臟作品。

　　When storing paintings and calligraphy in museums, it is also important to use white gloves and masks to avoid leaving marks on the paintings and calligraphy. Family collectors can also learn from this practice. Not wearing a mask is fine, but it's best not to speak up to avoid spitting on the artwork.

　　防潮也可用空調(diào)

　　Moisture resistance can also be achieved through air conditioning

　　一個(gè)暖濕有霧靄的雨天，某博物院一像往常一樣巡看幾個(gè)展廳的作品，發(fā)現(xiàn)有些已展出一段時(shí)間的作品，表面兩側(cè)呈現(xiàn)向內(nèi)卷曲的現(xiàn)象，還有的表面起了皺褶。看濕度計(jì)，原來濕度已經(jīng)到了書畫保養(yǎng)的臨界點(diǎn)60%，說明作品已受潮。據(jù)介紹，在展館內(nèi)對書畫保持恒溫恒濕有效的辦法是開空調(diào)，溫度不可高于22℃，也不能低于18℃，20℃合適。濕度在55%適中，不超過60%，不低于50%。

　　On a warm, humid, and misty rainy day, an expert from a museum inspected several exhibition halls as usual and found that some of the works that had been on display for some time had curled inward on both sides of the surface, while others had wrinkles on the surface. Looking at the hygrometer, it turns out that the humidity has reached the critical point of 60% for calligraphy and painting maintenance, indicating that the artwork has been dampened. It is reported that the most effective way to maintain constant temperature and humidity for calligraphy and painting in the exhibition hall is to turn on the air conditioning. The temperature should not be higher than 22 ℃ or lower than 18 ℃, and 20 ℃ is the most suitable. The humidity is most moderate at 55%, with a maximum of no more than 60% and a minimum of no less than 50%.

　　對一般藏家來說，恒溫恒濕的條件不大可能具備，但可以用空調(diào)調(diào)節(jié)，在室內(nèi)掛畫時(shí)要注意關(guān)閉門窗，開一兩次空調(diào)抽濕，每次兩個(gè)小時(shí)左右。

　　For most collectors, it is unlikely to have the conditions of constant temperature and humidity, but air conditioning can be used to adjust it. When hanging paintings indoors, it is important to close doors and windows, and turn on the air conditioning once or twice a day for about two hours each time.

　　樟木箱封存書畫有訣竅

　　There are tricks to sealing calligraphy and painting in camphor boxes

　　很多藏家都會用箱子封存書畫作品，這是書畫收藏常見的方法。一般美術(shù)館、博物館有恒溫恒濕的條件，通常用鐵柜保管，一般家庭則建議用木箱，比如衣櫥柜、斗柜等都可以，比較高檔貴重的書畫可以用樟木箱。如果沒有樟木箱，藏家也可用一般木柜，里面放置樟腦丸也能達(dá)到防蟲的目的。訣竅在于，樟腦丸要用袋子包著，然后用針扎開小孔，以散發(fā)樟腦的氣味。放書畫的箱子盡量往高處放，柜子頂上還可以鋪些報(bào)紙。

　　Many collectors use boxes to seal their calligraphy and painting works, which is a common method for collecting calligraphy and painting. Generally, art museums and galleries have constant temperature and humidity conditions, and are usually stored in iron cabinets. For households, it is recommended to use wooden boxes, such as wardrobe cabinets and bucket cabinets. High end and valuable paintings and calligraphy can be stored in camphor wood boxes. If there is no camphor box, collectors can also use regular wooden cabinets to store camphor balls, which can also achieve insect prevention. The trick is to wrap the camphor balls in a bag and then pierce a small hole with a needle to release the scent of camphor. Try to place the boxes for calligraphy and painting as high as possible, and you can also lay some newspapers on the top of the cabinet.

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