收購(gòu)名人字畫必懂：行話+尺寸+形制，不懂這些易被坑

　　Essential knowledge for purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting: jargon, size, and form. Not understanding these can easily lead to pitfalls

　　收購(gòu)名人字畫，不僅要辨真?zhèn)?、識(shí)價(jià)值，更要懂行業(yè)行話、明尺寸形制，否則一開(kāi)口就會(huì)被看出是“外行”，談價(jià)、選品時(shí)極易被忽悠，終花高價(jià)入手不合規(guī)、無(wú)價(jià)值的作品。字畫圈的行話、黑話貫穿收購(gòu)全流程，從尺寸換算到形制區(qū)分，從品相描述到真?zhèn)闻袛?，每一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)都藏著行業(yè)門道。很多藏家之所以在收購(gòu)時(shí)踩坑，不僅是因?yàn)椴欢囆g(shù)鑒賞，更因?yàn)椴涣私膺@些核心術(shù)語(yǔ)，被商家牽著鼻子走。今天，我們就拆解收購(gòu)名人字畫必須掌握的行話、尺寸換算、形制材質(zhì)知識(shí)，用通俗的語(yǔ)言解讀行業(yè)門道，幫大家快速入門，避免因“外行”身份吃虧，輕松掌握收購(gòu)名人字畫的核心技巧。

　　To acquire celebrity calligraphy and paintings, it is not only necessary to distinguish authenticity and value, but also to understand industry jargon and clarify size and shape. Otherwise, one will be seen as a "layman" when speaking up, and it is easy to be deceived when negotiating prices and selecting products, ultimately spending a high price to buy non compliant and worthless works. The jargon and jargon of calligraphy and painting circles run through the entire process of acquisition, from size conversion to form differentiation, from product description to authenticity judgment, each term hides industry secrets. Many collectors fall into traps during acquisitions not only because they do not understand art appreciation, but also because they do not understand these core terms and are led by the nose by the merchants. Today, we will break down the jargon, size conversion, shape and material knowledge that must be mastered in the acquisition of celebrity calligraphy and painting. We will use popular language to interpret the industry's tricks, help everyone quickly get started, avoid losses due to being a "layman", and easily master the core skills of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting.

　　收購(gòu)名人字畫，談價(jià)的核心前提是明確尺寸，而字畫圈描述尺寸的行話的是“平尺”，這就像當(dāng)代藝術(shù)常用系數(shù)計(jì)價(jià)一樣，是行業(yè)通用的計(jì)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。很多外行不知道平尺的換算方法，容易被商家虛報(bào)尺寸、亂報(bào)價(jià)，因此掌握平尺換算和相關(guān)尺寸術(shù)語(yǔ)，是收購(gòu)名人字畫的步。所謂一平尺，換算成公分就是33.3×33.3公分，而一張字畫的平尺數(shù)，換算方法也很簡(jiǎn)單：用字畫的長(zhǎng)（公分）乘以寬（公分），再乘以九，去掉小數(shù)點(diǎn)后，得出的數(shù)字就是平尺數(shù)。比如一張1米×1米的字畫，換算后就是9平尺，計(jì)算起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單易懂。

　　The core prerequisite for negotiating the price of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting is to clarify the size, and the jargon used to describe the size in the calligraphy and painting circle is "straightedge", which is like the commonly used coefficient pricing in contemporary art and is a common pricing standard in the industry. Many laymen do not know the conversion method of the straightedge, which can easily lead to false size and irregular pricing by businesses. Therefore, mastering the conversion of straightedge and related size terms is the first step in acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting. The so-called one square foot, converted to centimeters, is 33.3 × 33.3 centimeters, and the conversion method for the number of square feet on a calligraphy or painting is also very simple: multiply the length (centimeters) of the calligraphy or painting by the width (centimeters), then multiply by nine, remove the decimal point, and the resulting number is the number of square feet. For example, a calligraphy and painting measuring 1 meter by 1 meter, converted to 9 square feet, is easy to calculate and understand.

　　除了基礎(chǔ)換算，收購(gòu)時(shí)還會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到各種尺寸簡(jiǎn)化術(shù)語(yǔ)，掌握這些術(shù)語(yǔ)能讓溝通更，也能避免被商家忽悠。比如“斗方”，尺寸大致在69×69公分左右，換算后約為四平尺，是收購(gòu)中比較常見(jiàn)的尺寸；“四尺整張”約為八平尺，“六尺整張”約為15平尺，而“丈二匹”則高達(dá)48平尺，屬于大幅作品，通常更高。此外，還有“四尺對(duì)開(kāi)”“六尺對(duì)開(kāi)”等術(shù)語(yǔ)，指的是將對(duì)應(yīng)尺寸的字畫對(duì)折分開(kāi)，尺寸減半，這類作品更適合小戶型收藏或作為搭配裝飾，收購(gòu)時(shí)需根據(jù)自身需求和預(yù)算選擇。

　　In addition to basic conversion, various size simplification terms are often encountered during acquisitions. Mastering these terms can make communication more efficient and avoid being deceived by merchants. For example, "Dou Fang" has a size of approximately 69 × 69 centimeters, which is about four square feet after conversion and is a common size in procurement; A "four foot sheet" is about eight square feet, a "six foot sheet" is about 15 square feet, and a "zhang er pi" is as high as 48 square feet, which is a large-scale work and usually priced higher. In addition, there are terms such as "four foot split" and "six foot split", which refer to folding and splitting the corresponding size of calligraphy and painting in half, reducing the size by half. These works are more suitable for small apartment collections or as decorative accessories, and should be selected according to one's own needs and budget when purchasing.

　　除了尺寸，字畫的形制也是收購(gòu)名人字畫時(shí)必須關(guān)注的，不同形制的字畫，不僅擺放場(chǎng)景不同，收藏價(jià)值和市場(chǎng)也有差異。字畫的形制術(shù)語(yǔ)，大多源于古代字畫的擺放規(guī)矩，傳承今，成為行業(yè)通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。比如“中堂”，是古代進(jìn)門后擺放在太師椅中間的大幅字畫，因古代房梁較高，中堂尺寸較大，氣勢(shì)端莊，如今多適合擺放在客廳、廳堂，收購(gòu)時(shí)這類形制的作品，通常比同尺寸其他形制更具收藏價(jià)值。

　　In addition to size, the form of calligraphy and painting is also a key consideration when purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting. Different forms of calligraphy and painting not only have different placement scenarios, but also have differences in collection value and market price. The formal terminology of calligraphy and painting mostly originates from the placement rules of ancient calligraphy and painting, and has been passed down to this day, becoming a universal standard in the industry. For example, the "Middle Hall" is a large calligraphy and painting placed in the middle of the Grand Tutor's Chair after entering the door in ancient times. Due to the high beams and large size of the ancient house, the Middle Hall has a dignified atmosphere. Nowadays, it is more suitable to be placed in the living room and hall. When purchased, works of this type are usually more valuable for collection than other shapes of the same size.

　　中堂兩側(cè)通常會(huì)搭配“對(duì)聯(lián)”，規(guī)格較高的中堂，上方還會(huì)搭配“橫匾”，形成完整的裝飾組合，這類成套作品在收購(gòu)時(shí)，價(jià)值通常高于單獨(dú)的中堂或?qū)β?lián)。而“琴條”則是瘦長(zhǎng)型的字畫，尺寸小巧，適合擺放在起居室、書房，多為文人書法作品，風(fēng)格雅致，是文人收藏的熱門形制。此外，還有“書房對(duì)”，指尺寸較小的對(duì)聯(lián)，適配書房擺放，雅致簡(jiǎn)約；“龍門對(duì)”則氣勢(shì)磅礴，字體舒展，多適合擺放在開(kāi)闊空間，收購(gòu)時(shí)需結(jié)合擺放場(chǎng)景和個(gè)人喜好選擇。

　　The two sides of the nave are usually paired with "couplets". For higher specification naves, a "horizontal plaque" is also placed above to form a complete decorative combination. These complete sets of works are usually more valuable than individual naves or couplets when purchased. The "qin tiao" is a slender and small type of calligraphy and painting, suitable for placement in living rooms and study rooms. It is mostly a calligraphy work of literati, with an elegant style, and is a popular form for literati collection. In addition, there is also the "study pair", which refers to small-sized couplets that are suitable for placement in the study, elegant and simple; Longmen Dui "is majestic, with loose fonts that are suitable for placement in open spaces. When purchasing, it is necessary to choose based on the placement scene and personal preferences.

　　除了常見(jiàn)的中堂、對(duì)聯(lián)、琴條，收購(gòu)時(shí)還會(huì)遇到冊(cè)頁(yè)、手卷、成扇、扇面、圓光等形制，其中圓光又分為大圓光、小圓光，形制獨(dú)特，適合小眾收藏。這里有一個(gè)核心術(shù)語(yǔ)需要牢記：所有單張未裝裱的字畫，都稱為“鏡心”；裝裱后豎掛的稱為“立軸”；裝裱后橫掛的稱為“橫批”，收購(gòu)時(shí)明確這些術(shù)語(yǔ)，能快速準(zhǔn)確地向商家表達(dá)需求，避免因表述不清導(dǎo)致誤購(gòu)。

　　In addition to common naves, couplets, and piano pieces, when purchasing, one may also encounter shapes such as brochures, hand scrolls, fan shapes, fan faces, and round lights. Among them, round lights are divided into large round lights and small round lights, with unique shapes that are suitable for niche collections. There is a core term that needs to be kept in mind here: all single unparamed calligraphy and painting are called "mirror hearts"; The vertical hanging after framing is called a "vertical axis"; The horizontal hanging after framing is called "horizontal banner". Clarifying these terms during the acquisition can quickly and accurately express the needs to the merchant, avoiding mistaken purchases due to unclear expression.

　　材質(zhì)也是收購(gòu)名人字畫的關(guān)鍵，不同材質(zhì)的字畫，價(jià)值和保存難度差異較大，行業(yè)內(nèi)也有明確的術(shù)語(yǔ)區(qū)分。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，絹本、綾本的字畫，會(huì)比紙本更高，因?yàn)榻?、綾材質(zhì)更稀有，保存難度更大，且質(zhì)感更細(xì)膩，更能體現(xiàn)作品的藝術(shù)效果。收購(gòu)時(shí)，商家通常會(huì)明確告知材質(zhì)，若遇到商家模糊材質(zhì)、以紙本冒充絹本的情況，需格外警惕，避免被忽悠。

　　Material is also the key to acquiring celebrity calligraphy and paintings. Calligraphy and paintings made of different materials have significant differences in value and preservation difficulty, and there are clear terminology distinctions within the industry. Generally speaking, the price of silk and silk calligraphy and painting is higher than that of paper because silk and silk materials are rarer, more difficult to preserve, and have a finer texture, which better reflects the artistic effect of the work. When making an acquisition, the merchant usually specifies the material. If the merchant blurs the material or impersonates silk with paper, extra caution should be taken to avoid being deceived.

　　除了尺寸、形制、材質(zhì)，收購(gòu)名人字畫時(shí)，還需掌握一些常用的品相、真?zhèn)蜗嚓P(guān)行話，避免踩坑。比如“開(kāi)門”，指作品一眼看去就是典型的真跡，特征明顯、無(wú)爭(zhēng)議；“關(guān)門”則相反，指作品明顯是仿品，毫無(wú)爭(zhēng)議。形容品相時(shí)，“墨暈”指墨色輕微暈開(kāi)，屬于正常品相；“原裝原裱”則指作品當(dāng)年畫完后原裝裱，未經(jīng)過(guò)二次裝裱，這類作品保存完好，更具收藏價(jià)值，也相對(duì)更高。

　　In addition to size, shape, and material, when purchasing celebrity calligraphy and paintings, it is also necessary to master some commonly used terms related to appearance and authenticity to avoid pitfalls. For example, "opening the door" refers to a work that appears to be a typical authentic work at first glance, with distinct and undisputed features; 'Closing the door' is the opposite, referring to works that are clearly imitations, without any dispute. When describing the appearance, "ink halo" refers to a slight darkening of the ink color, which is considered a normal appearance; Original mounting "refers to works that are originally mounted after being painted, without undergoing secondary mounting. These works are well preserved, have greater collection value, and are relatively more expensive.

　　還有一些負(fù)面行話需要警惕，比如“挖款”，指商家將原作者的落款挖掉，修補(bǔ)后改署更知名大家的落款，以此抬高，這類作品屬于偽造，收購(gòu)時(shí)需仔細(xì)甄別；“透背”則是老字畫的特征，指墨色經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年沉淀，透過(guò)紙背，這種歲月感難以仿制，是判斷老字畫真?zhèn)蔚闹匾罁?jù)；“反鉛”指老字畫上的白色顏料（古代多用鉛），經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)間氧化變黑，也是老字畫的典型特征。

　　There are also some negative jargons that need to be guarded against, such as "poaching", which refers to businesses digging out the original author's signature, repairing it, and signing a more well-known signature in order to raise the price. Such works belong to forgery and need to be carefully screened when purchasing; 'Transparent back' is a characteristic of old calligraphy and painting, referring to the ink color that has been deposited for decades and passes through the paper back. This sense of time is difficult to replicate and is an important basis for judging the authenticity of old calligraphy and painting; Anti lead "refers to the white pigment on old calligraphy and painting (lead was commonly used in ancient times), which oxidizes over time and turns black, and is also a typical feature of old calligraphy and painting.

　　總結(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)，收購(gòu)名人字畫，懂行話、明尺寸、辨形制、識(shí)材質(zhì)，是避免踩坑的核心。這些術(shù)語(yǔ)不僅是行業(yè)溝通的工具，更是判斷作品價(jià)值、甄別真?zhèn)蔚闹匾罁?jù)，不懂這些，不僅會(huì)被商家看出“外行”身份，還可能在談價(jià)、選品時(shí)吃虧，甚入手偽造、低價(jià)值的作品。對(duì)于新手藏家而言，先掌握這些基礎(chǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)，再逐步提升藝術(shù)鑒賞能力，才能在收購(gòu)名人字畫的道路上少走彎路，精準(zhǔn)入手有價(jià)值、可收藏的作品，真正讀懂收購(gòu)名人字畫的行業(yè)門道。

　　In summary, acquiring celebrity calligraphy and paintings, understanding jargon, identifying sizes, distinguishing shapes and materials, is the core to avoid pitfalls. These terms are not only tools for industry communication, but also important basis for judging the value of works and identifying their authenticity. Without understanding these terms, businesses may not only identify themselves as "outsiders", but may also suffer losses in price negotiations and product selection, and even purchase counterfeit and low value works. For novice collectors, mastering these basic terms first and gradually improving their artistic appreciation ability is the key to avoiding detours on the road of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting, accurately acquiring valuable and collectible works, and truly understanding the industry's way of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting.