收購名人字畫必懂行話：吃透尺寸形制，不做外行、不被忽悠

　　Acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting requires understanding jargon: mastering size and shape, not being an outsider, and not being deceived

　　涉足收購名人字畫，忌諱的就是不懂行業(yè)行話、不辨尺寸形制——字畫圈里的黑話、術(shù)語數(shù)不勝數(shù)，若是一竅不通，人家一開口就知道你是外行，談價錢、看作品時很容易被忽悠，要么多花冤枉錢，要么誤收不合規(guī)作品。很多收購新手之所以踩坑，就是因?yàn)椴欢叽鐡Q算、不了解形制術(shù)語，連作品大小、規(guī)格都搞不清楚，更別說精準(zhǔn)判斷價值。今天就結(jié)合字畫圈常見行話，詳細(xì)拆解收購名人字畫必懂的尺寸、形制、材質(zhì)相關(guān)術(shù)語，幫你快速入門，擺脫外行身份，收購時心里有底、不被套路。

　　The biggest taboo when it comes to acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting is not understanding industry jargon and not distinguishing size and shape - there are countless slang and terms in the calligraphy and painting circle. If you are completely ignorant, people will know you are a layman as soon as they speak, and it is easy to be deceived when negotiating prices or viewing works. Either you spend too much money unjustly, or you mistakenly accept non compliant works. Many novice buyers fall into the trap because they don't understand size conversion, shape terminology, or even the size and specifications of their products, let alone accurately judge their value. Today, based on common jargon in the calligraphy and painting industry, we will provide a detailed breakdown of the size, shape, and material related terms that are essential for purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting. This will help you quickly get started, get rid of your outsider identity, and have a clear understanding and avoid being trapped by tricks when purchasing.

　　收購名人字畫，談價錢時涉及的就是尺寸，而字畫圈的尺寸計(jì)量，通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是“平尺”，這和當(dāng)代藝術(shù)常用的系數(shù)計(jì)量完全不同。很多新手不知道平尺怎么算，其實(shí)方法很簡單：一平尺換算成公分，就是33.3×33.3公分，想要算出一幅畫的平尺數(shù)，只需用作品的長（公分）乘以寬（公分），再乘以9，去掉小數(shù)點(diǎn)后，得出的數(shù)字就是平尺數(shù)。比如一幅1米×1米的作品，換算下來就是9平尺，這個簡單的換算方法，收購時一定要牢記，避免被尺寸忽悠。

　　When negotiating the price of purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting, the first thing involved is size, and the common standard for measuring the size of calligraphy and painting circles is the "straightedge", which is completely different from the coefficient measurement commonly used in contemporary art. Many beginners don't know how to calculate a straightedge, but the method is actually very simple: one straightedge is converted to centimeters, which is 33.3 × 33.3 centimeters. To calculate the straightedge number of a painting, simply multiply the length (centimeters) of the artwork by the width (centimeters), then multiply by 9, remove the decimal point, and the resulting number is the straightedge number. For example, a piece of artwork measuring 1 meter by 1 meter can be converted to 9 square feet. This simple conversion method should be kept in mind when purchasing to avoid being misled by the size.

　　除了基礎(chǔ)換算，尺寸相關(guān)的簡化術(shù)語也必須掌握，收購時交流起來更，也能避免露怯。比如常說的“斗方”，尺寸大概在69×69公分左右，換算下來就是四平尺；“四尺整張”是八平尺，“六尺整張”是15平尺，“丈二匹”則是48平尺，這些都是收購中常見的尺寸術(shù)語。除此之外，還有四尺對開、六尺對開等細(xì)分規(guī)格，雖然不用一次性全部吃透，但核心的幾種尺寸術(shù)語，一定要爛熟于心，不然談收購時很容易被對方牽著鼻子走。

　　In addition to basic conversion, it is also necessary to master simplified terminology related to size, which can make communication more efficient during acquisition and avoid embarrassment. For example, the commonly known "dou fang" has a size of about 69 × 69 centimeters, which is equivalent to a four square foot; Four foot sheet "is eight square feet," six foot sheet "is 15 square feet, and" zhang er pi "is 48 square feet. These are the most common size terms used in acquisitions. In addition, there are also subdivided specifications such as four foot split and six foot split. Although it is not necessary to fully understand them all at once, the core size terms must be memorized, otherwise it is easy to be led by the other party when negotiating the acquisition.

　　除了尺寸，作品的形制也很關(guān)鍵，不同形制的字畫，不僅擺放場景不同，收購價值和市場認(rèn)可度也有差異。字畫的形制術(shù)語，大多源于古代字畫的擺放規(guī)矩，比如一進(jìn)門看到的、擺放在太師椅中間的大幅字畫，就叫“中堂”，這類作品尺寸較大、氣勢足，旁邊通常會搭配對聯(lián)，規(guī)格高的還會配上橫匾，收購時這類形制的作品，往往更具收藏價值。

　　In addition to size, the form of the artwork is also crucial. Different forms of calligraphy and painting not only have different placement scenarios, but also have differences in acquisition value and market recognition. The formal terminology of calligraphy and painting mostly originates from the placement rules of ancient calligraphy and painting. For example, the large calligraphy and painting placed in the middle of the Grand Preceptor's Chair as soon as one enters the door is called "Zhongtang". These works are larger in size and have a strong momentum, usually accompanied by couplets and horizontal plaques. When purchasing, works of this type are often more valuable for collection.

　　還有適合起居室懸掛的“琴條”，是瘦長型的作品，多為文人書法，格調(diào)雅致；書房里常用的“書房對”，是尺寸偏小的對聯(lián)，簡潔雅致，適配書房氛圍；氣勢磅礴的“龍門對”，則是收購中常見的大氣形制，深受藏家青睞。除此之外，還有冊頁、手卷、成扇、扇面、圓光（分大圓光、小圓光，也叫圓瓜）等形制，其中一張紙未裝裱的作品叫“鏡心”，裝裱后豎掛的叫“立軸”，橫掛的則叫“橫批”，這些形制術(shù)語，直接關(guān)系到作品的擺放和價值，收購時必須分清。

　　There are also "qin sticks" suitable for hanging in the living room, which are slender and elongated works, mostly calligraphy by literati, with an elegant style; The commonly used "study pair" in the study is a small-sized couplet, simple and elegant, suitable for the atmosphere of the study; The majestic 'Dragon Gate Pair' is a common atmospheric shape in acquisitions, highly favored by collectors. In addition, there are also forms such as booklets, hand rolls, fans, fan faces, and round lights (divided into large round lights and small round lights, also known as round melons). One piece of paper that is not mounted is called "mirror heart", the one hung vertically after mounting is called "vertical axis", and the one hung horizontally is called "horizontal plate". These form terms directly affect the placement and value of the work, and must be distinguished when purchasing.

　　材質(zhì)方面的行話，也是收購名人字畫的。談價錢時，通常絹本、綾本的作品會比紙本更貴，這是因?yàn)榻伇?、綾本材質(zhì)更稀有，保存難度更大，藝術(shù)價值也更高。除此之外，還有很多判斷作品真?zhèn)巍⑵废嗟男性?，比如“開門”指作品是典型的真跡，一眼就能看出；“關(guān)門”則指作品真?zhèn)未嬉?。形容品相的術(shù)語也不少，比如“墨暈”指墨色輕微暈開，“原裝原裱”指作品當(dāng)年畫完后原裝裱，未經(jīng)過后期重新裝裱，這類作品價值更高；“挖款”則是不良商家的套路，指挖掉原作者落款，改換成知名大家的落款，收購時一定要警惕。

　　The jargon related to materials is also a key focus of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting. When negotiating prices, works made of silk or silk are usually more expensive than those made of paper. This is because silk or silk materials are rarer, more difficult to preserve, and have higher artistic value. In addition, there are many jargons for judging the authenticity and appearance of works, such as "opening the door" which means that the work is a typical authentic work that can be seen at a glance; 'Closing the door' refers to doubts about the authenticity of the work. There are also many terms used to describe the appearance of a work, such as "ink halo" which refers to a slight darkening of the ink color, and "original mounting" which refers to the original mounting of the work after it was painted, without being re mounted in the later stage. Such works have higher value; 'Digging money' is a trick used by unscrupulous merchants, which refers to removing the original author's signature and replacing it with the signature of a well-known person. When making a purchase, one must be vigilant.

　　還有“透背”，指作品經(jīng)過幾十年沉淀，墨色透過紙背，這種歲月感很難仿造，是判斷老畫真?zhèn)蔚闹匾罁?jù)；“反鉛”則指老畫上的白色顏料（古代多用鉛），經(jīng)過時間氧化變黑，也是老畫的典型特征。這些行話，看似瑣碎，卻是收購名人字畫的“避坑指南”，讀懂這些，才能在收購時精準(zhǔn)判斷作品真?zhèn)?、品相和價值，不做外行、不被忽悠。

　　There is also 'transparent backing', which refers to a work that has been sedimented for decades, with ink color penetrating through the paper backing. This sense of time is difficult to imitate and is an important basis for judging the authenticity of old paintings; Anti lead "refers to the white pigment on old paintings (lead was commonly used in ancient times), which oxidizes over time and turns black, and is also a typical feature of old paintings. These jargons may seem trivial, but they are a "pit avoiding guide" for purchasing celebrity calligraphy and paintings. Only by understanding these can one accurately judge the authenticity, quality, and value of a work during the acquisition, without being a layman or being deceived.

　　綜上，收購名人字畫，不懂行話、不辨尺寸形制，很難避開陷阱。吃透平尺換算、尺寸術(shù)語，分清各類形制差異，了解材質(zhì)和品相相關(guān)行話，不僅能快速融入行業(yè)，更能在收購時精準(zhǔn)判斷價值、規(guī)避套路。畢竟，收購名人字畫的核心是“懂行”，只有掌握這些基礎(chǔ)知識點(diǎn)，才能在收購中占據(jù)主動，不花冤枉錢，選到真正有價值的名人字畫，實(shí)現(xiàn)藏有所值、收有所利。

　　In summary, it is difficult to avoid pitfalls when acquiring celebrity calligraphy and paintings without understanding jargon or distinguishing sizes and shapes. By using turbine rulers for conversion and size terminology, distinguishing various shape differences, and understanding the jargon related to materials and product phases, one can not only quickly integrate into the industry, but also accurately judge value and avoid tricks during acquisitions. After all, the core of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting is "understanding the industry". Only by mastering these basic knowledge points can one take the initiative in the acquisition, avoid wasting money, select truly valuable celebrity calligraphy and painting, and achieve value for money and profit.

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