名家書(shū)畫(huà)保管不妥的原因有許多，一般說(shuō)來(lái)因?yàn)榧竟?jié)更替產(chǎn)生的溫差變化，干濕不勻，陽(yáng)光紫外線輻射，環(huán)境空氣塵埃的污染等等，而發(fā)生蟲(chóng)蛀、霉變、褪色等現(xiàn)象，使一幅完整的書(shū)畫(huà)作品面目全非，甚失去其藝術(shù)價(jià)值。

There are many reasons for improper storage of famous calligraphers and painters. Generally speaking, due to the temperature difference caused by seasonal changes, uneven dryness and wetness, sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, pollution of environmental air dust, etc., phenomena such as insect infestation, mold, and fading occur, causing a complete calligraphy and painting work to lose its artistic value.

但凡我們能夠了解一些書(shū)畫(huà)容易受損的弱點(diǎn)，采取一些有效的防止措施，在一定的程度上延緩書(shū)畫(huà)變舊破損進(jìn)程，使得書(shū)畫(huà)的壽命延長(zhǎng)，能夠保存其原貌。

Whenever we can understand the weaknesses of some calligraphy and painting that are prone to damage, and take effective preventive measures, to a certain extent, we can delay the aging and damage process of calligraphy and painting, prolong their lifespan, and preserve their original appearance.

名家書(shū)畫(huà)切記不可掛在太陽(yáng)光可以直射到的地方，珍貴的收藏品好放于木匣中置陰處保存，不要輕易見(jiàn)光。

Famous calligraphers and painters must remember not to hang them in places where direct sunlight can reach them. Precious collectibles should be stored in a wooden box in a shaded area and not easily exposed to light.

環(huán)境污染對(duì)書(shū)畫(huà)的損害非常大，定期清理灰塵，避免灰層過(guò)多對(duì)書(shū)畫(huà)產(chǎn)生影響，保證書(shū)畫(huà)作品的整潔。

Environmental pollution causes significant damage to calligraphy and painting. Regular cleaning of dust is necessary to avoid excessive dust layers affecting calligraphy and painting, ensuring the cleanliness of the artwork.

在防止書(shū)畫(huà)被蟲(chóng)蛀方面，可用樟腦丸揮發(fā)出特殊的氣味來(lái)防蟲(chóng)，具有較好的驅(qū)蟲(chóng)效果。使用時(shí)將樟腦藥放在收藏書(shū)畫(huà)作品周?chē)Ｒ荒曛锌梢苑制诜哦?，次?4月，第二次可在1011月，這樣防蟲(chóng)效果較好。

Camphor balls can emit a special odor to prevent insect infestation in calligraphy and painting, which has a good insect repellent effect. Place camphor medicine around the collection of calligraphy and painting works when using. It can be phased twice a year, the first time from March to April, and the second time from October to November, which has a better pest control effect.

03卷放要得法

03 rolls need to be properly placed

書(shū)畫(huà)作品長(zhǎng)期處于掛展?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)，紙張要承受下垂的拉力和張力，使紙張的強(qiáng)度減弱，所以在掛展一段時(shí)間后，應(yīng)當(dāng)安排其“休息、調(diào)整”。卷放就是使書(shū)畫(huà)處于休息狀態(tài)，讓它恢復(fù)原來(lái)的拉力和張力。可以將書(shū)畫(huà)作品輪流掛展，以供欣賞。

When calligraphy and painting works are in a hanging state for a long time, the paper needs to withstand the sagging tension and tension, which weakens the strength of the paper. Therefore, after hanging for a period of time, it should be arranged to "rest and adjust". Roll up is to put calligraphy and painting in a resting state, restoring their original tension and tension. Calligraphy and painting works can be displayed alternately for appreciation.

書(shū)畫(huà)作品不論是立軸、屏、對(duì)聯(lián)、手卷、冊(cè)頁(yè)，還是扇面、斗方，基本上屬紙質(zhì)品和絲織品兩種，兩者都含有纖維質(zhì)，具有吸濕性，故而切不可讓字畫(huà)置于潮濕的地方。

Calligraphy and painting works, whether they are vertical scrolls, screens, couplets, hand scrolls, albums, fans, or doufang, basically belong to two types: paper and silk, both of which contain fiber and have hygroscopicity. Therefore, calligraphy and painting should not be placed in damp places.

書(shū)畫(huà)保存空間溫度應(yīng)保持在14℃~20℃左右，相對(duì)濕度在50~60%。倘若室內(nèi)相對(duì)濕度偏高，容易引起紙張受潮而滋長(zhǎng)霉菌，霉菌在潮濕、溫暖和黑暗條件下易繁殖。

The temperature of the storage space for calligraphy and painting should be maintained at around 14 ℃~20 ℃, and the relative humidity should be between 50%~60%. If the indoor relative humidity is too high, it is easy to cause paper to become damp and grow mold. Mold is prone to proliferation in humid, warm, and dark conditions.

但也不能太干燥，太干燥容易引起字畫(huà)的翹曲變脆，遇天氣過(guò)分干燥時(shí)，可常用濕墩布拖地，或在房?jī)?nèi)放盆水。天氣潮濕時(shí)，尤其在雨季，盡量少開(kāi)窗戶，這樣可以使房間的濕度得到相應(yīng)的控制，一般美術(shù)館博物館有恒溫恒濕的條件。還有一點(diǎn)訣竅，掛書(shū)畫(huà)時(shí)不直接貼著墻，卷軸類(lèi)的跟墻壁有五公分左右的距離好。

But it should not be too dry, as it can easily cause the calligraphy and painting to curl and become brittle. When the weather is too dry, wet mops can be used to mop the floor, or a basin of water can be placed in the room. When the weather is humid, especially during the rainy season, try to open fewer windows as much as possible to control the humidity of the room accordingly. Generally, art museums have constant temperature and humidity conditions. Another trick is not to stick your calligraphy and painting directly to the wall. For scrolls, it's better to have a distance of about five centimeters from the wall.

書(shū)畫(huà)作品一旦吸水會(huì)造成紙張的破損，這樣一來(lái)會(huì)大幅減少書(shū)畫(huà)的價(jià)值。

Once a painting or calligraphy work absorbs water, it can cause damage to the paper, greatly reducing the value of the painting or calligraphy.

書(shū)畫(huà)保護(hù)還應(yīng)注意欣賞時(shí)不要用手指接觸畫(huà)面，展開(kāi)和收卷時(shí)不要將畫(huà)折壞留下折痕，收藏的書(shū)畫(huà)由于年久會(huì)變得較脆容易弄折裂，所以一般不隨便動(dòng)手，收、拿、卷、掛等動(dòng)作也一定要格外小心，做到輕手輕腳。

When protecting calligraphy and painting, attention should also be paid not to touch the picture with your fingers while appreciating. When unfolding and rolling, do not damage the painting and leave creases. Collected calligraphy and painting may become brittle and easily crack over time, so it is generally not advisable to use hands casually. The actions of folding, holding, rolling, hanging, etc. must also be extra careful, and be done with light hands and feet.

07書(shū)畫(huà)受潮如何處理？

How to deal with damp calligraphy and painting in 07?

這個(gè)問(wèn)題很多收藏家都非常好奇，特別是南方比較潮濕的沿海地區(qū)，有時(shí)難免受潮，萬(wàn)一書(shū)畫(huà)受潮可以這樣補(bǔ)救：若在書(shū)畫(huà)表面發(fā)現(xiàn)有霉點(diǎn)，可用宣紙輕輕掃除，若不能掃除，就要揭裱，因?yàn)槊裹c(diǎn)會(huì)慢慢蠶食書(shū)畫(huà)，對(duì)書(shū)畫(huà)的危害很大。

Many collectors are very curious about this issue, especially in the humid coastal areas of the south, where it is sometimes inevitable to get damp. In case of dampness in calligraphy and painting, this can be remedied: if mold spots are found on the surface of calligraphy and painting, they can be gently cleaned with rice paper. If they cannot be cleaned, they should be removed and mounted, because mold spots can slowly erode calligraphy and painting, posing great harm to them.

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