山水

landscape

欣賞山水畫，先要了解國畫制作者的胸襟意象。畫家把名山大川的特色，先儲于心，再形于手，所以不以“肖形”為佳，而以“通意”為主。一樹一石、一臺一亭，皆可代表畫家的的意景。不必斤斤計較透視比例等顯示的問題。

To appreciate Chinese landscape painting, one must first understand the broad mindedness and imagery of the creators of traditional Chinese painting. The painter stores the characteristics of famous mountains and rivers in their hearts first, and then shapes them in their hands, so they do not prioritize "Xiao Xing" as the best, but rather "Tong Yi" as the main focus. One tree, one stone, and one pavilion represent the painter's artistic conception. There is no need to worry about display issues such as perspective ratio.

動物

animal

動物種類繁多，大小不一，獅、虎、貓、犬可稱為走獸，各種魚類可稱為游魚，蟬、蝶、蜻蜓稱為草蟲，各種雀鳥稱為翎毛。動物可以歸到花鳥畫。

There are various types of animals, varying in size. Lions, tigers, cats, and dogs can be called beasts, various fish can be called swimming fish, cicadas, butterflies, and dragonflies are called grass insects, and various birds are called feathers. Animals can be classified as flower and bird paintings.

人物

character

可分為古今兩類：古裝人物，或者是歷代英 雄名士為一類；現(xiàn)代服裝，或者模特兒寫生為一類。由于人物要有 動作、表情，所以人物畫是比較深奧的制作。

It can be divided into two categories: ancient costume figures, or heroes and famous figures of all dynasties; Modern clothing, or models sketching, is a category. Due to the need for characters to have movements and expressions, character painting is a relatively sophisticated production.

根據(jù)制作技巧、筆法，國畫可以分為 工筆、寫意和兼工帶寫 。

According to production techniques and brushstrokes, traditional Chinese painting can be divided into meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork, and part-time work with writing.

工筆

traditional Chinese realistic painting

用細致的筆法制作，工筆畫著重線條美，一絲不茍，是工筆畫的特色。

Crafted with meticulous brushwork, Gongbi painting emphasizes the beauty of lines and meticulousness, which is the characteristic of Gongbi painting.

寫意

vivid expression and bold outline

心靈感受、筆隨意走 ，視為意筆，寫意畫 不重視線條，重視意 象，與工筆的精細背 道而馳。生動往往勝 于前者。

Emotional perception and free movement of the brush are regarded as freehand brushstrokes. Freehand brushstrokes do not value lines and focus on imagery, which goes against the precision of meticulous brushwork. Vividness often surpasses the former.

根據(jù)畫面內(nèi)容又可以分為傳統(tǒng)繪畫和現(xiàn)代繪畫。

According to the content of the painting, it can be divided into traditional painting and modern painting.

傳統(tǒng)

tradition

畫畫齡以千年計，形成了一套筆法、構(gòu)圖法 、皴法等固定的 模式，所以具有此種風(fēng)格的國畫 稱為傳統(tǒng)繪畫。

Chinese painting has a history of thousands of years and has formed a fixed pattern of brushwork, composition, and texture, so traditional painting with this style is called traditional painting.

現(xiàn)代

modern

近代畫家，參考西方繪畫以及現(xiàn)代派的作品，將其精華融匯與畫之中，于更有抽象式的新派國畫，其用色、構(gòu)圖等都與傳統(tǒng)繪畫大相徑庭。

Modern Chinese painters, referring to Western paintings and modernist works, integrated their essence into Chinese paintings. As for more abstract new Chinese paintings, their color and composition are quite different from traditional paintings.